辽宁沿海地区海洋经济增长质量空间特征及影响要素     

李博  田闯  史钊源  韩增林 《地理科学进展》2019,38(7):1080-1092

在海洋经济质量转型之期,基于“认知—评价—建构—优化”理念,界定海洋经济增长质量内涵,通过中心-引力模型评价分析2000—2014年辽宁沿海地区海洋经济增长质量空间特征,构建了海洋经济增长质量模型,识别影响其空间特征的相关要素,并根据要素作用程度提出优化建议。研究发现：① 辽宁沿海地区海洋经济增长质量呈“核心—圈层”结构,形成以大连为“领头雁”的雁阵式相互继起模式;“钻石型”引力流结构促成辽宁沿海地区集中化连片发展格局;② 海洋经济增长质量空间特征主要受空间集聚效应影响,海洋资本、海洋基建和海洋产业结构成为推动海洋经济增长质量循环引力流的顺流机制,其中海洋产业结构成为影响辽宁海洋经济增长质量圈层空间集聚效应的关键流;海洋人才成为制约海洋经济增长质量循环引力流的逆流机制;③ 通过路径作用程度的象限划分,提出强化大连中心地职能,针对腹地城市定位及资源禀赋条件提出调控措施,推进沿海区域协调与一体化进程。  相似文献   

不同空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价模型对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

田丰  张军  冉有华  刘金鹏  周翼 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):559-569

以山洪灾害风险评价的多准则决策模型、最大熵模型、信息量模型三种常见模型为研究对象，选取河西走廊和张掖市为地理区划（大中）、市域（小）空间尺度研究区，构建山洪灾害风险评价指标体系，分别完成基于三种模型的两种空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价制图，基于甘肃省地质灾害调查与区划报告数据从模型验证、空间自相关、精度对比和尺度效应等角度对比分析三个模型应用于不同空间尺度的适应性，并给出优选模型。结果表明：最大熵模型是河西走廊（地理区划）空间尺度上山洪灾害风险评价的优选模型；多准则决策模型不适用于张掖市（市域）空间尺度评价，且三个模型运行结果均没有河西走廊（地理区划）空间尺度上表现良好；三个模型的尺度效应明显，在地理区划空间尺度上应用较良好，缩小至市域空间尺度上模拟结果误差增大；不同空间尺度上，最大熵模型均优于多准则决策模型和信息量模型，适用于地理区划（大中）、市域（小）空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价。  相似文献   

新疆和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

田丰收  刘新平  原伟鹏 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):295-304

随着化肥、农膜等在农业生产中的过量投入，耕地面源污染的程度随之加重。文章选取塔里木河流域上游和田地区为研究区域，依据P-S-R框架理论，构建和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价指标体系，加入土壤理化数据，使用生态风险评价模型对和田地区1980 年及2016 年耕地面源污染状况进行生态风险评价，运用耕地生态风险模型、生态风险转移矩阵、Arcgis分析和田地区耕地面源污染时空分异状况。研究结论如下：和田地区1980 年耕地生态风险等级均为II级或III级，呈“中间高，两侧低”分布；2016 年耕地生态风险等级上升至IV级或V级，呈“倒W型”分布，各县耕地面源污染程度较1980 年均有较大幅度的上升，其中墨玉县和于田县在2016 年耕地生态风险等级达到最高的V级，而民丰县因自身生态环境的强脆弱性，同样需要提高关注。根据面源污染“从源头治理”的原则，应切实推进和田地区耕地生态环境保护与治理，提高政府重视程度，增强技术指导，开展试点工作，改善和田地区耕地面源污染现状。  相似文献   

内蒙古狼山地区早二叠世花岗闪长岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其构造背景     

田健  滕学建  刘洋  滕飞  郭硕  何鹏  王文龙 《中国地质》2020,47(3):767-781

内蒙古狼山山脉西侧分布有大面积的晚古生代岩浆岩,其时代集中在早石炭世—晚二叠世,不同时代岩浆岩岩石组合对于认识狼山地区晚古生代构造背景具有重要的意义。文章通过岩石学、岩相学、地球化学及Hf同位素等方法,对狼山地区查干乃呼都格一带花岗闪长岩体进行了研究。该岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(299±1)～(293±2) Ma。岩石暗色矿物为角闪石及黑云母,富含闪长质包体,P_2O_5含量与SiO_2含量之间显示良好的负相关性,富钠(Na_2O含量为3.45%～4.96%),高钠钾比值(Na_2O/K_2O比值为1.33～2.52),岩石地球化学特征显示花岗岩成因类型为Ⅰ型花岗岩。岩石具有负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-6.3～-2.0)及T_(DM2)为1437～1704 Ma(平均值为1606 Ma),显示了古—中元古代古老地壳熔融的特点,ε_(Hf)(t)-t及角闪石成因图解显示源区有幔源岩浆参与。花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb,不同程度的亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,弱的负Eu异常,显示了岩浆弧的地球化学特征。结合晚石炭世—早二叠世狼山地区侵入岩岩石组合为闪长岩+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩(英云闪长岩),早—中二叠世大石寨组火山岩岩石组合为玄武岩+玄武安山岩+安山岩+英安岩,总体反映了陆缘弧的岩石组合;狼山地区早二叠世处于大陆边缘弧的构造背景,与华北地块北缘中东部可以对比。  相似文献   

东海盆地西湖凹陷天台区始新世平湖组风暴岩的发现及其地质意义     

何玉平 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):500-508

风暴岩对于古地理和古环境具有良好的指相意义。东海盆地西湖凹陷天台区始新世平湖组发育典型的风暴岩。通过详细的岩心观察，发育的风暴沉积标志主要有冲刷-充填构造、风暴撕扯构造和丘状-洼状交错层理构造等。根据风暴岩垂向上的组合特征及沉积构造差异，识别出了近源和远源两种风暴沉积类型，分别指示了不同的沉积背景：近源风暴岩表现为不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列，呈风暴砾屑层段（A）+泥岩段（E）叠加，为潮坪潮下带沉积；远源风暴岩具完整和不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列，以粒序段（B）+平行层理段（C）+丘状（洼状）层理段（D）叠加为特征，属浅海陆棚沉积。风暴层序自下而上沉积环境为浅海陆棚→潮坪，风暴岩的分布差异表明形成环境向上变浅的沉积特征。该发现为本区古环境的演变提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

New photometric investigation of the low-mass-ratio contact binary star V1853 Orionis     

Jia-Jia He  Sheng-Bang Qian  Boonrucksar Soonthornthum  Amornrat Aungwerojwit  Niang-Ping Liu  Thawicharat Sarotsakulchai 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(4)

Four-color charge-coupled device(CCD) light curves in the B, V, Rc and I c bands of the totaleclipsing binary system V1853 Orionis(V1853 Ori) are presented. By comparing our light curves with those published by previous investigators, it is determined that the O'Connell effect on the light curves has disappeared. By analyzing those multi-color light curves with the Wilson-Devinney code(W-D code),it is discovered that V1853 Ori is an A-type intermediate-contact binary with a degree of contact factor of f = 33.3%(3.7%) and a mass ratio of q = 0.1896(0.0013). Combining our 10 newly determined times of light minima together with others published in the literature, the period changes of the system are investigated. We found that the general trend of the observed minus calculated(O-C) curve shows a downward parabolic variation that corresponds to a long-term decrease in the orbital period with a rate of d P/dt =-1.96(0.46)×10~(-7) d yr~(-1). The long-term period decrease could be explained by mass transfer from the more-massive component to the less-massive one. By combining our photometric solutions with data from Gaia DR_2, absolute parameters were derived as M_1 = 1.20 M⊙, M_2 = 0.23 M⊙, R_1 = 1.36 R⊙and R_2 = 0.66 R⊙. The long-term period decrease and intermediate-contact configuration suggest that V1853 Ori will evolve into a high fill-out overcontact binary.  相似文献   

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示     

曹红  孙治雷  刘昌岭  姜学钧  何拥军  黄威  尚鲁宁  王利波  张喜林  耿威  施美娟  李东义 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):61-75

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。  相似文献   

基于稀疏表示的地面磁共振信号提取方法          下载免费PDF全文

王琦  田宝凤  张健  蒋川东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3446-3456

在多孔隙含水层中地面磁共振（surface nuclear magnetic resonance，SNMR）信号呈现多弛豫衰减特性，常规盲源分离方法和单指数拟合方法引起信号严重失真和信息缺失等问题.本文提出了基于稀疏表示的随机噪声背景下多弛豫SNMR信号的提取方法.根据SNMR信号的衰减特征，设计了精确刻画SNMR信号且与随机噪声不相关的离散衰减余弦冗余字典.其次，针对多弛豫SNMR信号稀疏度未知的问题，通过设置合理的残差比阈值控制迭代次数，改进了广义正交匹配追踪（generalized orthogonal matching pursuit，gOMP）算法，使得该方法应用于SNMR信号的提取时，具有更好的自适应性和普适性.再次，鉴于SNMR测量数据为多次独立重复采集的结果，提出了基于数据流的SNMR信号提取策略，在提高算法鲁棒性的同时，保证了信号提取结果的唯一性.最后，通过仿真和实测数据证明了基于gOMP算法的稀疏表示方法可以显著地提升多弛豫SNMR信号的提取质量，降低随机噪声对含水层反演结果的影响，提高SNMR探测能力.  相似文献   

DATABASE OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2015 GORKHA(NEPAL) M_W7.8 EARTHQUAKE     

XU Chong  TIAN Ying-ying  SHEN Ling-ling  MA Si-yuan  XU Xi-wei  ZHOU Ben-gang  HUANG Xue-qiang  MA Jun-xue  CHEN Xi 《地震地质》2018,40(5):1115-1128

In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)M_W7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km² and an oval distribution area about 35 700km². On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A^{1.208 5}, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×10⁸m³. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km^-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective.  相似文献   

Continuous real‐time analysis of the isotopic composition of precipitation during tropical rain events: Insights into tropical convection          下载免费PDF全文

Shaoneng He  Nathalie F. Goodkin  Dominik Jackisch  Maria Rosabelle Ong  Dhrubajyoti Samanta 《水文研究》2018,32(11):1531-1545

To investigate stable isotopic variability of precipitation in Singapore, we continuously analysed the δ‐value of individual rain events from November 2014 to August 2017 using an online system composed of a diffusion sampler coupled to Cavity Ring‐Down Spectrometer. Over this period, the average value (δ¹⁸O_Avg), the lowest value (δ¹⁸O_Low), and the initial value (δ¹⁸O_Init) varied significantly, ranging from ?0.45 to ?15.54‰, ?0.9 to ?17.65‰, and 0 to ?13.13‰, respectively. All 3 values share similar variability, and events with low δ¹⁸O_Low and δ¹⁸O_Avg values have low δ¹⁸O_Init value. Individual events have limited intraevent variability in δ‐value (Δδ) with the majority having a Δδ below 4‰. Correlation of δ¹⁸O_Low and δ¹⁸O_Avg with δ¹⁸O_Init is much higher than that with Δδ, suggesting that convective activities prior to events have more control over δ‐value than on‐site convective activities. The d‐excess of events also varies considerably in response to the seasonal variation in moisture sources. A 2‐month running mean analysis of δ¹⁸O reveals clear seasonal and interannual variability. Seasonal variability is associated with the meridional movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and evolution of the Asian monsoon. El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a likely driver of interannual variability. During 2015–2016, the strongest El Niño year in recorded history, the majority of events have a δ¹⁸O value higher than the weighted average δ¹⁸O of daily precipitation. δ¹⁸O shows a positive correlation with outgoing longwave radiation in the western Pacific and the Asian monsoon region, and also with Oceanic Niño Index. During El Niño, the convection centre shifts eastward to the central/eastern Pacific, weakening convective activities in Southeast Asia. Our study shows that precipitation δ‐value contains information about El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which has a significant implication for the interpretation of water isotope data and understanding of hydrological processes in tropical regions.  相似文献